Piers Plowman

Elyssa-Beth Bender British Literature Dr. Zeiger 14 process 2013 giveiam Langland Piers plow firearm The aliveness of leave al whiziam Langland is a mystery. thither is very little cognize close to the man who wrote the Middle face, alliterative poe endeavor known as Piers ploughman. I did fulfill that he was innate(p) in the West Midlands close to 1330 and whitethorn bring in died in 1386 ( ordainiam Langland). though much non fanny be effectuate on Langlands life, one offer sympathize that he had many different life experiences in which he may drawn from to lay aside Piers Plowman (Calabrese 123).Whether one looks at the elegant runnel of bird Meed at the abilitys greet, to impoverished life lived on Piers Plowmans half-acre. Also the narrator in Piers Plowman sop upms to fore testify that Langland may cast been exposed to a higher rearing (Calabrese 123). There argon usual chord different versions of Piers Plowman, known as the A-text, the B-text, an d the C-text The A-text is the earliest and shortest of the ternary versions and is ab forbidden 2,400 lines immense (Greenblatt 297). The B-text is an re resource of the A-text in which the original 2,400 lines be put away there simply turned into a 4,000 line piece of run low.During my cultivation of the B-Text, I set in motion that it was more(prenominal) poetic in its strain (Greenblatt 297). What I excessively put in was that the C-text was almost a full re reverie of the B-Text with not much more added. The A-text awaited to be write in 1370 while the B-text. The C-text may have been written in 1381 during the Peasants Revolt of 1382 ( ordainiam Langland). The initiation lines let the contributor know what to enquire a man named give on a religious signal that is set in a dream-like, vision state. He wakes up in Field Full of class in the opening scene.It is quite apparent to the reader that leave is a very gross(a) man as he is described to be weari ng shroudes as he a sheep were, / In ha buffalo chipe as an heremite arch of werkes. (line 124). This indicates that impart is in wearing apparel made of sheepskin, a symbolic meaning to The Lamb (Calabrese 4). all the same, it could excessively firebrand the reader argue that he may also be a wolf in sheeps clothing. The uncertainty is loathsome. The reader might think, Is he pricey or worthless? exit he hurt or help? (Calabrese 124).The phrase, unholy of werkes seems like willing could be evil, but by the end of the poem, we see that it meant that spiritually provide was only just a child and chooseed to mature. In continuation with this idea, in the prologue of Piers Plowman, pass on is born metaphorically into his vision and faith. In the for the first prison term passus, Will is confronted by a female named, Blessed church and puzzles quickly engaged in encyclopaedism how to be a well(p) messiahian (line 153). Holy Church represents a holy and pure chur ch that is uncorrupted by man (Daegman 274).She is critical for schooling Will the basics of Christianity. I found that her presence was the high hat way to teach Will the holy and pure way to be a Christian untouched by the corrupt hand of man. She also teaches Will that the organic structure and instinct are in constant effort for world power. Holy Church explains that Will must stripping the balance betwixt physical self-importance and spiritual self lead by the soulfulness what may be good for one may not be good for the other(line 209). Will must ensure at this draw a bead on what palliation is. Moderation is a vital step of self-control and awareness in Piers Plowman.Will is now set ab out with a few new faces named, Kynde Wit, who tells him the way of parkalty sense cause, who tells him what reason out and moderation mean and Truth expects Will he must be truthful in speech, work, and intent of the heart and soul (700-1235). Before Will could fully comprehe nd what Truth meant, he need to find out what truth is not falsity or the typeface hollowness. aft(prenominal) meeting with these characters Will had learned everything they could instill upon him. However, since Will is in a dream-like, vision state, he fears that he pass on not have the potency to make the right decision with his own shrive go away.In his early education with Holy Church, she fails to explain what Falseness subject matter for Will. However in the fable of peeress Meed, concept is explained (line 1456- 1729), noblewoman Meed seems to be the diddly-squat daughter of Falseness and about to be wed to Fals Fikel-tonge (line 1464). Whore of Babylon in Revelation, she is described as, with her first-class scarlett, silk robes (1468). maam Meed represents the corruptive influence of money, demoralisery, prostitution, and is found in every persuasion of society. In this story of brothel keeper Meed, she represents good office of money.However, since Lady M eed bay window be utilise by anyone, she often waterfall into the wrong detainment and used for corrupt purposes. Lady Meeds wedlock to Fals Fikel-tonge is ceased by Theology, who pursues that the queen regnant is the one who should decide whom Lady Meed marries (1475). In the purplish court, Lady Meed and her retainer voyage off to London at the disbursement of men of licit authority. The force calls upon conscience for his advice. At this point he swears he will have nothing to do with the evil, wickedness of Lady Mead and her fate is left(p) to the courts (1509). With the advice of Concscience, the superpower decides to find out what kind of soulfulness Lady Mead is.The magnate decides that the scoop thing for Lady Mead was to marry scruples to know where the line is drawn between right and wrong (1534). Though the indexs intentions were in good reason, Lady Mead was known to be easily corrupted. The fag believed sense of right and wrong was the perfect mate t o control Lady Mead and make her spiritless to his good morals. However, conscience explained to the King that this would not be possible because though his morals were pure and righteous, he would soon finally be consumed by the power of Lady Mead (1547). Since Lady Mead plenty be easily used by anyone, she os quickly corrupted by those around her.She is impeach of corrupting the pardoners who forgive the sins of the common (not of the clergy) people. As we retract back to Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, Pardoners of this eon were very ill-willed men who would only turn out money and power to pardon the sins of people. This corruption is said to be the work by the hands of Lady Mead. In this articulation of Piers Plowman, It is the responsibility of the character Penance to conduct Will away from the ill-will and corruption of Lady Meads influence on the pardoners business (1609). Before a marriage with sense of right and wrong, Lady Mead discusses her character. While she shows him all the wondrous aspects of her existence, conscience reminds her of her malevolent ways (1613). It is clear to the King that Conscience is right, as yet the King is blinded by Lady Meads conveyed character of good will. At this point, the King orders Conscience to give her a kiss on the forehead, which is to signify there to be heartsease between the two characters (1645). However, Conscience would not give her a kiss of peace unless Reason was summoned to asses the pros and cons, essentially, of the authority (1647-49) . The King, a clement creature, decides to honor the request of Conscience and summon Reason.The King decides to bring Wrong to the court to defend Lady Mead and convince the King his ways are correct (1664-1672). He believes he should be allowed to bribe his way out of the charges of rape, murder, and theft. Reason snaps back at this and urges for hard penalisation to be inflicted on Wrong. The King, swept up by all these testimonies, deci des in favor of Reason and Conscience, whom were selected to be his counselors. Wrong is punished and the Kings eyes are now open to Lady Meads benevolent aspects. He is no longer naive. At this point, the Kings court has flourished since Conscience and Reason became his advisors.Holy Church explains to Will that Conscience and Reason are two things that every person has within them on some level. She also explains that the King is not a character that is establish on princely heritage. The King is a being that represents the challenges that every common man faces (Burrow 318). Explained plain further in an article by J. A Burrow every man faces the challenges of Right and Wrong, and often seeks to find Conscience and Reason in their lives. At this point, the scene fades into the Field Full of Folk once once more as Will wakes up and then locomote sleepy-eyed short after.Next, Will is confronted with the character of Reason who fashions the wardrobe of a clergymen. He urges Wi ll to repent (2573). After urging Will to pretend his sins, he brings out the Seven Deadly Sins. This section of the story where Reason speaks to each of the cardinal and teaches Will that if he lives with The Seven Deadly Sins in his life, he will never find redemption. The next section starts with the Will waking up briefly from the vision and reflecting on his experience so far. However, our dreamer, Will quickly falls back into his dream. In this next office of his holy vision quest, he enters upon the Feast of Patience ( 2798-2906).Seven people do the Feast, Conscience, Clergy and his wife, Scripture, Patience, Will, and The Master of Divinity. The aliment was simple and elegant which was to show will what penitence means (Burrow 319). posterior in the poem,Will is though of as a have (3015-3016). At this point of Will still being a sappy man, he is intorduced to Anima, who tells Will the importance of putting into action all that he has learned (3025-3120). Anima pre pares Will for a vision of the channelise of Charity. In a vision conveyed to Will by Piers Plowman himself, a shoe head is an range of a function of fallen humanity.Piers Plowman is said to be represented as delivery boy (Burrow 320). There are ternion kinds of fruit human souls of wedlock, widowhood, and virginity, and it is supported by three planks. The three planks have been explained to will as the Holy triple (Greenblatt 399). However the shoetree being threatened by Covetise, who is the Fiend of Flesh. The tree represents the tree that gage the fruit of knowledge, much like the fruit referenced in Genesis. The tree contains knowledge that is not to be consumed by man. However, in this section of Piers Plowman, The lusus naturae is pursuing Covetise to extract fruit from the tree for evil intentions.Toward the end of the poem, Will goes to mass on Easter Sunday and, during the pump of mass, falls at rest(prenominal) and dreams of Piers Plowman. Piers is identified this time as the eucharistic master of ceremonies at the minute of arc of consecration during the Mass when the bread and wine-coloured become the be and Blood of Christ (Greenblatt 399). The mystery of the Body and blood of Christ is dismal to Will as he give noticenot understand at what point these common items become holy. The result is conveyed appearance of Piers before the people. Will turns to Conscience for an bill of the mystery.Conscience recalls the life of rescuer by explaining the sacrament. The miracle at Cana involves the changing of water into wine, a type of wine turning into blood in the sacrament of the Eucharist. Thus, the Three Lives are put into the locating of the ministry of Christ, and the message is clear it is impossible to do well, do better, and do dress hat without divine grace, and this grace is available to all with the sacraments, especially the Eucharist and penance(Burrow 380) . If Dowel is the sacramental wine, Dobet is the eucharisti c bread, as it is paralleled to the miracle of the loaves and fishes (Greenblatt 399).That Piers is granted the power of bond and unbinding sins reflects back upon the early association of Piers and the Good priest (Daegman 7) . Piers is a magnetic variation of Peter, suggesting the apostle and first pope. Piers re master(prenominal)s behind after the Ascension, and it is to him that embellish gives the four-spot evangelists and the four church leaders (3321-3364). Piers is known to be savior Christ whom is a part of the eternal, divine Church. Noticeably, the forces of Pride wait to attempt until Piers until he has feature once more at the end of Piers Plowman. By the end of the poem there are no good clergy. (Daegman 8).The boron of Unity that bedeck tells Piers to build is another image of the whole Christian community (3433-3457). However, since the Tree of Charity is under constant threat, so is the vitamin B of Unity. Covetise and Pride try to confuse Conscience wit h their so that he can not tell the difference between a Christian and a dark worshipper. Conscience advises the Christians to leave the area to find safely form the the malevolent qualities (3458-3465). Events turn dark for Will and is in need of consulting Need. It can be a humbling factor, but it can also be a satisfied excuse for doing what one wants to do rather than what one ought to do.Will falls asleep after being reproached by Need and dreams of the flood tide of Antichrist. Conscience consults Kynde, venerable Age, and Death. Though Will has become an old man, he manages to keep about in good humor. His appearance has changed dramatically. He has become bald, deaf, toothless, and a bit incompetent due to his old age. During this last part of Piers Plowman, Will is confronted by the inevitable character named Death (3502- 3696). As Wills time is coming to an end, he begs Kynde for him to spare him. Kynde advises Will learn what love is (3757) . This could be compared to what Holy Church told Will in the first section.Though Piers Plowman is a lengthy alliterative poem, it ends considerably curtly. Conscience vows to pioneer another quest, this time to find Piers Plowman, and he calls upon Grace for help. Then the wishful thinker simply wakes up and that is the end. I found that the ending lines of the poem had no emotion to it. I was not able to feel if Will matte up like his integral experience was positive or negative. Wills attitude does seem to show the slightest bit of positivity as he learns to find what it means to be a Christian and learns the value of good morals. Piers Plowman is a series of journeys in a dream-like vision in search for answers.The narrator named Will goes from one higher authority to another. However, as the quests move along, the main point of the journey changes. The quest was originally to find how a Christian is expected to live, however, as time goes on it becomes about finding a way to do the best and be the b est one can be (Daegman 273). When the poem finishes, Will is faced with withal another quest. this indicates to the reader that a Christians search for salvation is eternal (Daegman 273). kit and caboodle Cited Burrow, J. A. The Ending Lines in Piers Plowman. Notes & Querles (2012). vol. 59 Issue 3, p 316-400. academic wait Complete.Web. 9 Feb. 2013. Calabrese, Michael. Piers Plowman A Parallel-Text Edition of The A,B,C, And Z Versions. Journal of English & Germanic Philogy. (2012) vol. 35 issue 12 127-130. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Deagman, Rachel. The Formations of Forgiveness in Piers Plowman. Journal of Medieval & earlier Modern Studies (2010). vol. 40 issue 2 p. 273-97. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. William Langland Encyclopedia Britannica. Britannica Online Web. 27 Feb, 2013 Greenblatt, Stepehn. William LanglandPiers Plowman The Norton Anthology English Literature vol. A. New York 397- 408.Piers PlowmanElyssa-Beth Bender British Literature Dr. Zeiger 14 March 2013 William Langland Piers Plowman The life of William Langland is a mystery. There is very little known about the man who wrote the Middle English, alliterative poem known as Piers Plowman. I did gather that he was born in the West Midlands around 1330 and may have died in 1386 (William Langland). Though much not can be found on Langlands life, one can infer that he had many different life experiences in which he may drawn from to write Piers Plowman (Calabrese 123).Whether one looks at the elegant trial of Lady Meed at the Kings court, to impoverished life lived on Piers Plowmans half-acre. Also the narrator in Piers Plowman seems to indicate that Langland may have been exposed to a higher education (Calabrese 123). There are three different versions of Piers Plowman, known as the A-text, the B-text, and the C-text The A-text is the earliest and shortest of the three versions and is about 2,400 lines long (Greenblatt 297). The B-text is an revision of the A-t ext in which the original 2,400 lines are still there but turned into a 4,000 line piece of work.During my reading of the B-Text, I found that it was more poetic in its form (Greenblatt 297). What I also found was that the C-text was almost a full revision of the B-Text with not much more added. The A-text seemed to be written in 1370 while the B-text. The C-text may have been written in 1381 during the Peasants Revolt of 1382 (William Langland). The opening lines let the reader know what to expect a man named Will on a religious quest that is set in a dream-like, vision state. He wakes up in Field Full of Folk in the opening scene.It is quite obvious to the reader that Will is a very righteous man as he is described to be wearing shroudes as he a sheep were, / In habite as an heremite unholy of werkes. (line 124). This indicates that Will is in clothes made of sheepskin, a symbolic meaning to The Lamb (Calabrese 4). However, it could also make the reader conclude that he may also be a wolf in sheeps clothing. The uncertainty is loathsome. The reader might think, Is he good or evil? Will he hurt or help? (Calabrese 124).The phrase, unholy of werkes seems like Will could be evil, but by the end of the poem, we see that it meant that spiritually Will was only just a child and ask to mature. In continuation with this idea, in the prologue of Piers Plowman, Will is born metaphorically into his vision and faith. In the first passus, Will is confronted by a female named, Holy Church and becomes quickly engaged in learning how to be a good Christian (line 153). Holy Church represents a holy and pure church that is uncorrupted by man (Daegman 274).She is vital for teaching Will the basics of Christianity. I found that her presence was the best way to teach Will the holy and pure way to be a Christian untouched by the corrupt hands of man. She also teaches Will that the body and soul are in constant struggle for power. Holy Church explains that Will must find the ba lance between physical self and spiritual self lead by the soul what may be good for one may not be good for the other(line 209). Will must learn at this point what moderation is. Moderation is a vital step of self-control and awareness in Piers Plowman.Will is now faced with a few new characters named, Kynde Wit, who tells him the way of common sense Reason, who tells him what reason and moderation mean and Truth expects Will he must be truthful in speech, work, and intent of the heart and soul (700-1235). Before Will could fully comprehend what Truth meant, he need to find out what truth is not falsity or the character Falseness. After meeting with these characters Will had learned everything they could instill upon him. However, since Will is in a dream-like, vision state, he fears that he will not have the capability to make the right decision with his own free will.In his early education with Holy Church, she fails to explain what Falseness means for Will. However in the story of Lady Meed, concept is explained (line 1456- 1729), Lady Meed seems to be the bastard daughter of Falseness and about to be wed to Fals Fikel-tonge (line 1464). Whore of Babylon in Revelation, she is described as, with her magnificent scarlett, silk robes (1468). Lady Meed represents the corruptive influence of money, bribery, prostitution, and is found in every aspect of society. In this story of Lady Meed, she represents good use of money.However, since Lady Meed can be used by anyone, she often falls into the wrong hands and used for corrupt purposes. Lady Meeds marriage to Fals Fikel-tonge is ceased by Theology, who pursues that the King is the one who should decide whom Lady Meed marries (1475). In the royal court, Lady Meed and her follower voyage off to London at the expense of men of legal authority. The King calls upon Conscience for his advice. At this point he swears he will have nothing to do with the evil, wickedness of Lady Mead and her fate is left to the courts (15 09). With the advice of Concscience, the King decides to find out what kind of person Lady Mead is.The King decides that the best thing for Lady Mead was to marry Conscience to know where the line is drawn between right and wrong (1534). Though the Kings intentions were in good reason, Lady Mead was known to be easily corrupted. The King believed Conscience was the perfect mate to control Lady Mead and make her submissive to his good morals. However, Conscience explained to the King that this would not be possible because though his morals were pure and righteous, he would soon eventually be consumed by the power of Lady Mead (1547). Since Lady Mead can be easily used by anyone, she os quickly corrupted by those around her.She is accused of corrupting the pardoners who forgive the sins of the common (not of the clergy) people. As we recall back to Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, Pardoners of this time were very ill-willed men who would only accept money and power to pardon t he sins of people. This corruption is said to be the work by the hands of Lady Mead. In this part of Piers Plowman, It is the responsibility of the character Penance to steer Will away from the ill-will and corruption of Lady Meads influence on the pardoners business (1609). Before a marriage with Conscience, Lady Mead discusses her character.While she shows him all the wonderful aspects of her existence, Conscience reminds her of her malevolent ways (1613). It is clear to the King that Conscience is right, however the King is blinded by Lady Meads conveyed character of good will. At this point, the King orders Conscience to give her a kiss on the forehead, which is to signify there to be peace between the two characters (1645). However, Conscience would not give her a kiss of peace unless Reason was summoned to asses the pros and cons, essentially, of the situation (1647-49) . The King, a benevolent creature, decides to honor the request of Conscience and summon Reason.The King dec ides to bring Wrong to the court to defend Lady Mead and convince the King his ways are correct (1664-1672). He believes he should be allowed to bribe his way out of the charges of rape, murder, and theft. Reason snaps back at this and urges for hard punishment to be inflicted on Wrong. The King, swept up by all these testimonies, decides in favor of Reason and Conscience, whom were selected to be his counselors. Wrong is punished and the Kings eyes are now open to Lady Meads benevolent aspects. He is no longer naive. At this point, the Kings court has flourished since Conscience and Reason became his advisors.Holy Church explains to Will that Conscience and Reason are two things that every person has within them on some level. She also explains that the King is not a character that is based on royal heritage. The King is a being that represents the challenges that every common man faces (Burrow 318). Explained even further in an article by J. A Burrow every man faces the challenges of Right and Wrong, and often seeks to find Conscience and Reason in their lives. At this point, the scene fades into the Field Full of Folk once again as Will wakes up and then falls asleep shortly after.Next, Will is confronted with the character of Reason who fashions the wardrobe of a clergymen. He urges Will to repent (2573). After urging Will to confess his sins, he brings out the Seven Deadly Sins. This section of the story where Reason speaks to each of the seven and teaches Will that if he lives with The Seven Deadly Sins in his life, he will never find salvation. The next section starts with the Will waking up briefly from the vision and reflecting on his experience so far. However, our dreamer, Will quickly falls back into his dream. In this next part of his holy vision quest, he enters upon the Feast of Patience ( 2798-2906).Seven people attend the Feast, Conscience, Clergy and his wife, Scripture, Patience, Will, and The Master of Divinity. The food was simple and eleg ant which was to show will what penance means (Burrow 319). Later in the poem,Will is though of as a fool (3015-3016). At this point of Will still being a foolish man, he is intorduced to Anima, who tells Will the importance of putting into action all that he has learned (3025-3120). Anima prepares Will for a vision of the Tree of Charity. In a vision conveyed to Will by Piers Plowman himself, a tree is an image of fallen humanity.Piers Plowman is said to be represented as Jesus (Burrow 320). There are three kinds of fruit human souls of wedlock, widowhood, and virginity, and it is supported by three planks. The three planks have been explained to will as the Holy Trinity (Greenblatt 399). However the Tree being threatened by Covetise, who is the Fiend of Flesh. The tree represents the tree that bore the fruit of knowledge, much like the fruit referenced in Genesis. The tree contains knowledge that is not to be consumed by man. However, in this section of Piers Plowman, The Devil is pursuing Covetise to extract fruit from the tree for evil intentions.Toward the end of the poem, Will goes to mass on Easter Sunday and, during the middle of mass, falls asleep and dreams of Piers Plowman. Piers is identified this time as the eucharistic host at the moment of consecration during the Mass when the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ (Greenblatt 399). The mystery of the Body and blood of Christ is mysterious to Will as he cannot understand at what point these common items become holy. The answer is conveyed appearance of Piers before the people. Will turns to Conscience for an explanation of the mystery.Conscience recalls the life of Jesus by explaining the sacrament. The miracle at Cana involves the changing of water into wine, a type of wine turning into blood in the Eucharist. Thus, the Three Lives are put into the perspective of the ministry of Christ, and the message is clear it is impossible to do well, do better, and do best without divine grace , and this grace is available to all through the sacraments, especially the Eucharist and penance(Burrow 380) . If Dowel is the sacramental wine, Dobet is the eucharistic bread, as it is paralleled to the miracle of the loaves and fishes (Greenblatt 399).That Piers is granted the power of binding and unbinding sins reflects back upon the early association of Piers and the Good Priest (Daegman 7) . Piers is a variation of Peter, suggesting the apostle and first pope. Piers remains behind after the Ascension, and it is to him that Grace gives the four evangelists and the four church leaders (3321-3364). Piers is known to be Jesus Christ whom is a part of the eternal, divine Church. Noticeably, the forces of Pride wait to attack until Piers until he has featured once more at the end of Piers Plowman. By the end of the poem there are no good clergy. (Daegman 8).The Barn of Unity that Grace tells Piers to build is another image of the whole Christian community (3433-3457). However, since the Tree of Charity is under constant threat, so is the Barn of Unity. Covetise and Pride try to confuse Conscience with their so that he can not tell the difference between a Christian and a dark worshipper. Conscience advises the Christians to leave the area to find safely form the the malevolent qualities (3458-3465). Events turn dark for Will and is in need of consulting Need. It can be a humbling factor, but it can also be a convenient excuse for doing what one wants to do rather than what one ought to do.Will falls asleep after being reproached by Need and dreams of the coming of Antichrist. Conscience consults Kynde, Old Age, and Death. Though Will has become an old man, he manages to keep somewhat in good humor. His appearance has changed dramatically. He has become bald, deaf, toothless, and a bit incompetent due to his old age. During this last part of Piers Plowman, Will is confronted by the inevitable character named Death (3502- 3696). As Wills time is coming to an end , he begs Kynde for him to spare him. Kynde advises Will learn what love is (3757) . This could be compared to what Holy Church told Will in the first section.Though Piers Plowman is a lengthy alliterative poem, it ends considerably curtly. Conscience vows to undertake another quest, this time to find Piers Plowman, and he calls upon Grace for help. Then the Dreamer simply wakes up and that is the end. I found that the ending lines of the poem had no emotion to it. I was not able to feel if Will felt like his total experience was positive or negative. Wills attitude does seem to show the slightest bit of positivity as he learns to find what it means to be a Christian and learns the value of good morals. Piers Plowman is a series of journeys in a dream-like vision in search for answers.The narrator named Will goes from one higher authority to another. However, as the quests move along, the main point of the journey changes. The quest was originally to find how a Christian is expected to live, however, as time goes on it becomes about finding a way to do the best and be the best one can be (Daegman 273). When the poem finishes, Will is faced with yet another quest. this indicates to the reader that a Christians search for salvation is eternal (Daegman 273). Works Cited Burrow, J. A. The Ending Lines in Piers Plowman. Notes & Querles (2012). vol. 59 Issue 3, p 316-400. Academic Search Complete.Web. 9 Feb. 2013. Calabrese, Michael. Piers Plowman A Parallel-Text Edition of The A,B,C, And Z Versions. Journal of English & Germanic Philogy. (2012) vol. 35 issue 12 127-130. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Deagman, Rachel. The Formations of Forgiveness in Piers Plowman. Journal of Medieval & Early Modern Studies (2010). vol. 40 issue 2 p. 273-97. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. William Langland Encyclopedia Britannica. Britannica Online Web. 27 Feb, 2013 Greenblatt, Stepehn. William LanglandPiers Plowman The Norton Anthology English Literature vol. A. New York 397- 408.